Monitoring crustal movements and sea level in Lanzarote

Comunicación presentada en el IAG Symposium celebrado en Jaén, España, entre el 17 y el 19 de marzo de 2005.The Institute of Astronomy and Geodesy is measuring sea level variations in Lanzarote Island by two automated tide gauges of precision since 1993. In order to obtain "real" sea level variations a permanent GPS station has been installed near the tide gauges. The goal of this GPS station is to measurement vertical crustal movements in order to obtain absolute sea level variations removing these movements from tide gauge data. A vertical tie with high accuracy between the reference point of the pillar where the GPS antenna is installed and the tide gauges bench marks is absolutely necessary. We have carried out this altimetric link yearly since year 2000. Methods of repeated geometric and trigonometric levelling of very short tracts have been used due to the great level difference existent. The control of the local stability of the pillar where the GPS antenna has been established, is carried out by a micro-geodetic control network building around it. This network of 13 benchmarks has been regularly observed by classic and GPS geodetic techniques in years 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004. The data of these campaigns have been processed by different types of adjustments in the same reference system. The precision of the measurements and the reliability of the networks have been calculated. In this work the results obtained, the evaluation of the altimetric links and levelling campaigns, and the comparison of the levels of different measurements are presented.Peer reviewe

Solar UV exposure of Primary Schoolchildren in Valencia, Spain

[EN] To quantify schoolchildren's exposure to ultraviolet erythemal radiation (UVER), personal dosimeters (VioSpor) were used to measure biologically effective ultraviolet (UV) radiation received in the course of their daily school activities. The study took place in two primary schools in Valencia (39 degrees 28'N), Spain, for several weeks from March 2008 until May 2009, with two age groups (6-8 years and 10-11 years) and involved about 47 schoolchildren. The median daily UV exposure values for all age groups and solar height intervals considered in the study ranged from 1.31 to 2.11 standard erythemal doses (SEDs). Individual UV exposure was analyzed as a function of age, gender and dosimeter position. Significant statistical differences were found between different age groups, with the younger age group receiving higher statistically significant UVER exposure. It was also found that boys received significantly higher UVER exposure than girls. It was also noted that shoulder dosimeters registered higher readings than wrist dosimeters. Exposure ratio (ER) is defined as the ratio between the personal dose on a selected anatomical site and the corresponding ambient dose on a horizontal plane. The median ER for all age groups and solar height intervals in the study range from 4.5% to 10.7%, with higher values at lower solar heights.We would like to thank the R&D&I Linguistic Assistance Office, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (Spain), for granting financial support for the proof-reading of this paper. The research reported here was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science within the research project CGL2007-61813.Serrano, M.; Cañada, J.; Moreno Esteve, J. (2011). Solar UV exposure of Primary Schoolchildren in Valencia, Spain. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 10(4):1-523. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0PP00153HS1523104IARC, IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: solar and ultraviolet radiation, Lyon, 2000, 55Armstrong, B. K., & Kricker, A. (2001). The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 63(1-3), 8-18. doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00198-1B. Armstrong , How sun exposure causes skin cancer: an epidemiological perspective, In Prevention of Skin Cancer, ed by D. Hill, J. M. Elwood and D. R. English, Kluwer Academic, 2005, pp. 89-116Østerlind, A., Tucker, M. A., Stone, B. J., & Jensen, O. M. (1988). The Danish case-control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma. II. Importance of UV-light exposure. International Journal of Cancer, 42(3), 319-324. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910420303Oliveria, S. A. (2005). Sun exposure and risk of melanoma. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 91(2), 131-138. doi:10.1136/adc.2005.086918Wright, C. Y., & Reeder, A. I. (2005). Youth Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure, Concurrent Activities and Sun-protective Practices: A Review. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 81(6), 1331. doi:10.1562/2005-8-19-ir-655Guy, C., Diab, R., & Martincigh, B. (2003). Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure of Children and Adolescents in Durban, South Africa¶. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 77(3), 265. doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0772.0.co;2DIFFEY, B. L., GIBSON, C. J., HAYLOCK, R., & McKINLAY, A. F. (1996). Outdoor ultraviolet exposure of children and adolescents. British Journal of Dermatology, 134(6), 1030-1034. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07937.xKimlin, M., & Parisi, A. (2001). Usage of real-time ultraviolet radiation data to modify the daily erythemal exposure of primary schoolchildren. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, 17(3), 130-135. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0781.2001.170305.xGies, P., Roy, C., Toomey, S., MacLennan, R., & Watson, M. (1998). Solar UVR Exposures of Primary School Children at Three Locations in Queensland. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 68(1), 78-83. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb03255.xWright, C. Y., Reeder, A. I., Bodeker, G. E., Gray, A., & Cox, B. (2007). Solar UVR Exposure, Concurrent Activities and Sun-Protective Practices Among Primary Schoolchildren. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 83(3), 749-758. doi:10.1562/2006-08-22-ra-1010Ono, M., Munakata, N., & Watanabe, S. (2005). UV Exposure of Elementary School Children in Five Japanese Cities¶. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 81(2), 437. doi:10.1562/2004-09-06-ra-307.1Thieden, E., Philipsen, P. A., Heydenreich, J., & Wulf, H. C. (2004). UV Radiation Exposure Related to Age, Sex, Occupation, and Sun Behavior Based on Time-Stamped Personal Dosimeter Readings. Archives of Dermatology, 140(2). doi:10.1001/archderm.140.2.197Boldeman, C., Dal, H., & Wester, U. (2004). Swedish pre-school children’s UVR exposure - a comparison between two outdoor environments. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, 20(1), 2-8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2004.00069.xNorval, M., Cullen, A. P., de Gruijl, F. R., Longstreth, J., Takizawa, Y., Lucas, R. M., … van der Leun, J. C. (2007). The effects on human health from stratospheric ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 6(3), 232. doi:10.1039/b700018aMoehrle, M., Dennenmoser, B., & Garbe, C. (2003). Continuous long-term monitoring of UV radiation in professional mountain guides reveals extremely high exposure. International Journal of Cancer, 103(6), 775-778. doi:10.1002/ijc.10884Moehrle, M., & Garbe, C. (2000). Personal UV Dosimetry by Bacillus subtilis Spore Films. Dermatology, 200(1), 1-5. doi:10.1159/000018306Moehrle, M., Heinrich, L., Schmid, A., & Garbe, C. (2000). Extreme UV Exposure of Professional Cyclists. Dermatology, 201(1), 44-45. doi:10.1159/000018428Thieden, E., Agren, M. S., & Wulf, H. C. (2000). The wrist is a reliable body site for personal dosimetry of ultraviolet radiation. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, 16(2), 57-61. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0781.2000.d01-4.xMunakata, N., Ono, M., & Watanabe, S. (1998). Monitoring of Solar-UV Exposure among Schoolchildren in Five Japanese Cities Using Spore Dosimeter and UV-coloring Labels. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 89(3), 235-245. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.1998.tb00554.xT. B. Fitzpatrick , M.Pathak, and J. A.Parrish, Protection of human skin against the effects of the sunburn ultraviolet (290-320 nm), In Sunlight and Man: Normal and Abnormal Photobiologic Responses, ed. by M. A. Pathak, L. C. Harber, M. Seiji and A. Kukita, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 1974, p. 751Furusawa, Y., Quintern, L. E., Holtschmidt, H., Koepke, P., & Saito, M. (1998). Determination of erythema-effective solar radiation in Japan and Germany with a spore monolayer film optimized for the detection of UVB and UVA - results of a field campaign. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 50(5), 597-603. doi:10.1007/s002530051341World Health Organization, Global Solar UV Index: A Practical guide, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2002Herlihy, E., Gies, P. H., Roy, C. R., & Jones, M. (1994). PERSONAL DOSIMETRY OF SOLAR UV RADIATION FOR DIFFERENT OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 60(3), 288-294. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05106.xHOLMAN, C. D. J., GIBSON, I. M., STEPHENSON, M., & ARMSTRONG, B. K. (1983). Ultraviolet irradiation of human body sites in relation to occupation and outdoor activity: field studies using personal UVR dosimeters. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 8(3), 269-277. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.1983.tb01779.

The first confirmation of V-type asteroids among the Mars crosser population

The Mars crossing region constitutes a path to deliver asteroids from the Inner Main Belt to the Earth crossing space. While both the Inner Main Belt and the population of Earth crossing asteroids contains a significant fraction of asteroids belonging to the V taxonomic class, only two of such V-type asteroids has been detected in the Mars crossing region up to now. In this work, we searched for asteroids belonging to the V class among the population of Mars crossing asteroids, in order to support alternative paths to the delivery of this bodies into the Earth crossing region. We selected 18 candidate V-type asteroids in the Mars crossing region using observations contained in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Moving Objects Catalog. Then, we observed 4 of these candidates to take their visible spectra using the Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR). We also performed the numerical simulation of the orbital evolution of the observed asteroids. We confirmed that 3 of the observed asteroids belong to the V class, and one of these may follow a path that drives it to an Earth collision in some tens of million years

Solar ultraviolet doses and vitamin D in a northern mid-latitude

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the most important factors in the development of skin cancer in human, solar erythema and skin aging. Nevertheless, numerous studies have shown the benefits of UV solar radiation in moderate doses, such as the reduction of blood pressure and mental health, treatment of various diseases, and the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin. This paper analyses data from solar ultraviolet erythemal (UVER) irradiance in W/m2 measured in a northern mid-latitude as Valencia (Spain) for the period 2003-2010. To estimate effective solar UV radiation in the production of vitamin D (UVD) we used the relationship proposed by McKenzie et al., 2009. It was obtained for one month for each season the minimum exposure time needed around solar noon and at 9 UTC and 15 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) to obtain the recommended daily dose of 1000 IU. Also, it has been calculated time for erythema induction around solar noon for the same months. The median UVER daily dose during the summer months was 4000 J/m2day, and 700 J/m2day in winter. With regard to UVD, the median UVD daily dose in summer season was 7700 J/m2day, and in winter it was 1000 J/m2day. Around noon in January it takes more than two hours of solar exposure to obtain the recommended daily dose of vitamin D, whereas the rest of the year range between 7 minutes on July and 31 minutes on October. For the same months around noon, exposure times to produce erythema were obtained, these being of higher value to the previous. The results show that it is difficult to obtain the recommended vitamin D doses in winter in a northern mid-latitude, as the human body is almost entirely covered in this season.The research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science within research project CGL2010-15931/CLI and by the Generalitat Valenciana within the project PROMETEO/2010/064.María-Antonia Serrano; Cañada, J.; Moreno, J.; Gurrea-Ysasi, G. (2017). Solar ultraviolet doses and vitamin D in a northern mid-latitude. Science of the Total Environment. 574:744-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.102S74475057

Analogs of farnesylcysteine induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells

AbstractS-Farnesyl-thioacetic acid (FTA), a competitive inhibitor of isoprenylated protein methyltransferase, potently suppressed the growth of HL-60 cells and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by the development of increased annexin-V binding, decreased binding of DNA dyes and internucleosomal DNA degradation. FTA did not impair the membrane association of ras proteins, conversely, it brought about a decrease in the proportion of ras present in the cytosolic fraction. Farnesylated molecules which are weak inhibitors of the methyltransferase also induced DNA laddering and reduced the proportion of cytosolic ras. These findings suggest that neither inhibition of isoprenylated protein methylation nor impairment of ras membrane association are essential for apoptosis induced by farnesylcysteine analogs

Comparación de la eficacia de distintos productos químicos aplicados mediante tratamiento aéreo en el control del muérdago (Viscum album) sobre Pinus halepensis

El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la eficacia de diversos productos químicos en el control del muérdago (Viscum album var austriacum) sobre Pinus halepensis. La experiencia consistió en la aplicación mediante tratamiento aéreo de diversas concentraciones de etefon, ácido giberélico y glifosato. Las combinaciones de ácido giberélico y glifosato obtuvieron las mayores eficacias, especialmente la que aplicó 7,8 g/ha de ácido giberélico y 540 g/ha de glifosato.The aim of this work was to compare the effectiveness of several products (such as ethephon, giberelic acid and glyphosate) in the chemical control of mistletoe {Viscum album var austriacum) on Pinus halepensis. The experiment consisted in applying various concentrations of these products by aerial treatment. The combinations of giberelic acid and glyphosate appeared to be the most effective treatments, especially the treatment that applied giberelic acid - 7,8 g/ha and glyphosate - 540 g/ha

Enzymatic method of producing 4-O- β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-xylose, 4-O- β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-xylose obtained using said method, compositions containing said and the use thereof in evaluating intestinal lactase

Filing Date: 2002-06-14.-- Priority Data: ES 200101419 (2001-06-18).-- International Publication Number: WO_2002103038 (20021227).An enzymatic process to obtain 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-xylose useful in compositions or solutions in the in vivo evaluation of intestinal lactose activity in humans, that comprises the steps of preparing a reaction mixture of D-xylose, a β-D-galactopyranoside and a reaction medium that comprises water buffered to a pH between 5.0 and 9.0; adding 10 to 1,000 units of β-D-galactosidase per gram of β-D-galactopyranoside; subjecting the reaction mixture to a reaction or a temperature between a temperature higher than the freezing point of the reaction mixture and 45ºC, for 2 to 48 hours; for the reaction by deactivation of the β-D-galactosidase; and to isolate and crystallize the fractions that contain 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-xylose from a crystallization mixture selected between mixtures of acetone/methanol in a ratio between 5/1 to 20/1 and mixtures of acetone/water in a ratio between 5/1 to 20/1

Molecular Recognition in C-Type Lectins: The Cases of DC- SIGN, Langerin, MGL, and L-Sectin

Carbohydrates play a pivotal role in intercellular communication processes. In particular, glycan antigens are key for sustaining homeostasis, helping leukocytes to distinguish damaged tissues and invading pathogens from healthy tissues. From a structural perspective, this cross-talk is fairly complex, and multiple membrane proteins guide these recognition processes, including lectins and Toll-like receptors. Since the beginning of this century, lectins have become potential targets for therapeutics for controlling and/or avoiding the progression of pathologies derived from an incorrect immune outcome, including infectious processes, cancer, or autoimmune diseases. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of these receptors is mandatory for the development of specific treatments. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about four key C-type lectins whose importance has been steadily growing in recent years, focusing in particular on how glycan recognition takes place at the molecular level, but also looking at recent progresses in the quest for therapeutics.We thank the European Research Council (RECGLYCA NMR, advanced grant no. 788143), and the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (Spain) for grants RTI2018-094751-B-C21 and B-C22, Ramon y Cajal contract to A.A. and the Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditation (SEV-2016-0644)

The fascination of a shallow-water theory for the formation of megaflood-scale dunes and antidunes

T1 Q1 (2/200 Multidisciplinary Geoscience, IF 2019 = 9.7)Exceptional megaflood-scale bedforms on Earth are commonly associated with the catastrophic draining of glacial lakes in the late Pleistocene. The widest studied events have been the Missoula and Altai floods with 300–700 m flow depth, 1–20 m bedform height and 10–300 m wavelength. Nowadays, the Saint-Venant equations have succeeded at simulating the catastrophic glacial-lake drainage process numerically, but we still lack a depth-averaged morphodynamic theory able to predict the growth of dunes and antidunes. The disparity of spatial scales in megafloods prevents the use of non-depth-averaged rotational flow equations, motivating the present shallow-water theory for the formation of megaflood-scale bedforms. We adopt a non-equilibrium sediment transport equation rooted in Einstein's pioneering work. Here we prove that the bed instability triggers to form dunes and antidunes simply by lagging the entrainment term for sediment mass conservation, or the bottom shear stress, with respect to the depth-averaged flow velocity. We formalise this result using a linear stability theory that captures the existence regions of dune and antidune in addition to the roll wave instability. Furthermore, in the spirit of Kennedy (Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 1, 1969, pp. 147–168), we derive a closed-form solution of growth rate and wave speed of the bedform. The nondimensional groups controlling the linear instabilities are the Froude number, ℱr, the Shields parameter, Sh, and the grain roughness relative to flow depth, Subsequently, we simulate the drainage of the largest Missoula flood numerically to explain the formation of giant antidunes in the Camas Prairie (Montana, US) during the late stage of the megaflood. Also considered are large fields of gravel dunes in the Kuray-Chuja Lake Basin (Altai Mountains, Siberia). The simulated hydraulic conditions over bedforms in both basins yield values of the nondimensional parameters that lie in the theoretical region of dunes and antidunes according to the proposed theory and in situ measurements in sandy rivers and flume experiments.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICINN/FEDER, UE) under Grant SEDRETO CGL2015-70736-R. P.C.P. and P.R.J. were supported by the European Social Fund and the University of Jaén. J.D.d.M.E. was supported by the PhD scholarship BES-2016-079117 (MICINN/FSE, UE) from the Spanish National Programme for the Promotion of Talent and its Employability (call 2016)

Numerical analysis of precast concrete segmental bridge decks

Precast Concrete Segmental Bridges are nowadays a well-established alternative for bridge construction that presents significative advantages related to the construction process. Numerous bridges have been built using this technology in the past decades and extensive research has been conducted, including the development of different numerical models to study their behaviour. This paper proposes a new Finite Element model for Precast Concrete Segmental Bridge decks capable of reproducing the main characteristics of their behaviour at a reduced computational cost. The model proposed has shown very good agreement with experimental results existing in the literature. After calibration, the influence of different modelling choices has been analysed. The results point out to a high impact of the modelling strategy adopted for the joints in the compression areas, requiring an adequate estimation of the point of contact between the segments. Additionally, consideration of friction of external tendons at the deviators showed limited relevance in the global behaviour of the model but was important for the correct estimation of stress increments in the tendons. Finally, considering or not the presence of epoxy at the joints did not seem to influence significantly the behaviour of the models. The use of shell elements combined with the modelling strategy adopted for the joints offers better accuracy than existing models with a significantly lower computational time